Global Tropospheric Experiment Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Langley ASDC Data Set Document
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Global Tropospheric Experiment Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Langley ASDC Data Set Document |
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This document provides information on data products obtained during the GTE TRACE-P atmospheric science expedition conducted over the western Pacific during February, March and April, 2001. The objective of the mission was to determine the chemical composition of the Asian outflow and evolution over the western Pacific. Measurements were made primarily by investigators' instruments located on the NASA DFRC DC-8 and WFF P-3B airplanes. Also provided are a list of principal investigators and references for measurement techniques and publications.
This document provides information for the following data sets:
Where XX indicates the flight number.
| gte_tracep_dc8flight_insitu_XX.zip: | Chemical & Aerosol In Situ Measurements |
| gte_tracep_dc8flight_project_XX.zip: | Aircraft Ephemeras & Meteorological Data |
| gte_tracep_merged_dc8_fltXX.zip: | Merged Chemical, Aerosol & Ephemeras Data Files |
| gte_tracep_beoz1dXX.zip: | DIAL Ozone Profiles |
| gte_tracep_bevs1dXX.zip: | DIAL Visible Aerosol Scattering |
| gte_tracep_betc1dXX.zip: | DIAL Tropopause Height and Ozone Column |
| gte_tracep_bewd1dXX.zip: | DIAL Depolarization Aerosol Scattering |
| gte_tracep_bedp1dXX.zip: | DIAL Visible Aerosol Depolarization |
| gte_tracep_beir1dXX.zip: | DIAL Aerosol Scattering 1064nm |
| gte_tracepdc8_cld_index.zip: | Cloud Index |
| gte_tracep_dc8_sat_images_trkmXX.zip: | IR, Visible, and Water Vapor Satellite Images |
| gte_tracep_dc8_traj_images_fltXX.zip: | Plot of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
| gte_tracep_dc8_traj_tab_fltXX.zip: | Tabulated Data of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
Where XX indicates the flight number.
| gte_tracep_p3bflight_insitu_fltXX.zip: | P3-B Chemical & Aerosol In Situ Measurements |
| gte_tracep_p3bflight_project_fltXX.zip: | P3-B Aircraft Ephemeras & Meteorological Data |
| gte_tracep_merged_p3b_fltXX.zip: | P3-B Merged Chemical, aerosol & Ephemeras Data Files |
| gte_tracep_tams1pXX.zip: | P3-B 10hz Turbulent air motion measurements |
| gte_tracep_p3b_sat_images_trkmXX.zip: | IR, Visible, and Water Vapor Satellite Images |
| gte_tracep_p3b_traj_images_fltXX.zip: | Plot of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
| gte_tracep_p3b_traj_tab_fltXX.zip: | Tabulated Data of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
| gte_tracep_ftir_ground.zip: | Ground Based FTIR Measurements of C2H2, C2H6, CO, and HCN |
| gte_tracep_prc_plots_2001mmdd-2001mmdd.zip: | Ground Based Observations in PRC |
| gte_tracep_2001mmdd.zip: | Satellite Data Products During TRACE-P Mission Period |
| gte_tracep_ozonesondes_Kagoshima.zip: | Data from Ozone Sonde Launches at Kagoshima, Japan (other files for launches at Naha, Sapporo, and Tateno, Japan; Cheju, Korea; Hilo, Hawaii, USA; Hong Kong, PRC; Taipei, Taiwan; Trinidad Head, CA, USA) |
NASA funded the investigators involved in the TRACE-P mission. The funded investigators, their organization, and their grant, agreement or contract number was:
| Investigator | Organization | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Aircraft: | ||
| B. Anderson | NASA Langley | N/A |
| E. Apel | NCAR | NCC-1-420 |
| E. Atlas | NCAR | NCC-1-418 |
| M. Avery | NASA Langley | N/A |
| A. Bandy | Drexel U | NCC-1-409 |
| D. Blake | U of California Irvine | NCC-1-413 |
| E. Browell | NASA Langley | N/A |
| B. Brune | Pennsylvania State U | NCC-1-414 |
| C. Cantrell | NCAR | NCC-1-424 |
| A. Clarke | U of Hawaii | NCC-1-416 |
| F. Eisele | Georgia Tech | NCC-1-421 |
| F. Flocke | NCAR | NCC-1-423 |
| A. Fried | NCAR | NCC-1-419 |
| B. Heikes | U of Rhode Island | NCC-1-408 |
| G. Sachse | NASA Langley | N/A |
| S. Sandholm | Georgia Tech | NCC-1-417 |
| R. Shetter | NCAR | L-14366 |
| H. Singh | NASA Ames | N/A |
| R. Talbot | U of New Hampshire | NCC-1-410 |
| R. Weber | GA Tech | NCC-1-411 |
| Surface Measurements: | ||
| S. Oltmans | NOAA CMDL | L-12923 |
| Modeling: | ||
| G. Carmichael | U of Iowa | NCC-1-422 |
| J. Crawford | NASA Langley | N/A |
| D. Davis | Georgia Tech | NCC-1-01024 |
| H. Fuelberg | Florida State U | NCC-1-412 |
| D. Jacob | Harvard | NAG-1-2328 |
| R. Newell | Mass. Inst. Of Tech. | NCC-1-415 |
| M. Prather | U of California-Irvine | NAG-1-01001 |
| A. Thompson | NASA Goddard | N/A |
Aircraft data sets are available for each investigation for each flight. Ground-based data are usually available on a daily basis. Airborne measurements were typically obtained at constant altitude over the Pacific Ocean during the transit flights (i.e. "survey" flights), and over multi-altitudes closer to Asia during flight from the intensive sites. Flight missions were conducted during TRACE-P from February 24, through April 10, 2001. Flight dates, takeoff and landing times and sites, and flight tracks and profiles are shown in Jacob et al., [2003]. The duration, altitude range, ascent and descent rate, and flight path for each mission varied depending on mission objectives and environmental conditions. Ground-based measurements were made at sites also shown in Jacob et al., [2003]. The automated ground sites provided daily measurements during the time frame when airborne measurements were being made and weekly averaged samples before and after. Further information about the measurement region and time frame may be found in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20, October 27, 2003.
This data collection contains 12 separate data sets. These include the atmospheric chemistry, meteorological and navigational data recorded aboard the NASA DFRC DC-8 and WFF P-3B airborne laboratories and data obtained from surface level sites.
Where XX indicates the flight number.
gte_tracep_dc8flight_insitu_XX.zip - Chemical & Aerosol In Situ MeasurementsWhere XX indicates the flight number.
gte_tracep_p3bflight_insitu_fltXX.zip - P3-B Chemical & Aerosol In Situ MeasurementsThe preceding data sets are available from the Langley ASDC at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/gte/table_gte.html. See the GTE home page at http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov for additional description of the TRACE-P field mission.
TRACE-P investigators have individually reported the results of their investigations in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003.
There are data sets available from the Langley ASDC and from the GTE Home Page for 13 other GTE missions conducted from 1983 to 2001. See the GTE home page at http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov and the Langley ASDC at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/gte/table_gte.html for a description of the available data.
Global Tropospheric Experiment Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P)
If the person is known to be retired, deceased or no longer at the organization originally responsible for the investigation, it is noted and the contact information may be omitted. The contact information provided was current during the mission, but may no longer be current.
Melody Avery -- Responsible for the measurement of ozone
MS 483
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton VA 23681-0001
Telephone: 757-864-5522
Fax: 757-864-5841
E-mail: m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov
Stephanie Vay -- Responsible for the measurement of carbon dioxide
MS 483
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton VA 23681-0001
Telephone: 757-864-1574
Fax: 757-864-5841
E-mail: s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov
Barry Huebert
ACE Asia
Department of Oceanography
School of Ocean and Earth Science and
Technology
University of Hawaii-Manoa
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
Telephone: 808-956-6896
Fax: 808-956-9225
E-mail: huebert@hokulea.soest.hawaii.edu
Toshihiro Ogawa
Bible Phase C
Director, Earth Observation Research Center
NASDA
1-9-9, Roppongi, Minato-Ku
Tokyo, 106-0032 Japan
Telephone: 81-3-3224-7080
Fax: 81-3-3224-7051
E-mail: t_ogawa@eorc.nasda.go.jp
John Gille
MOPITT
3300 Mitchell Lane, Suite 275
University of Colorado/NCAR
Boulder Co 80301
Telephone: 303-497-1402
Fax: 303-497-1492
E-mail: gille@ucar.edu
Daniel Jaffe
Aircraft and Ground Measurements
University of Washington-Bothall
18115 Campus Way NE
Bothell WA 98011-8246
Telephone: 425-352-5357
Fax: 425-352-5335
E-mail: djaffe@u.washington.edu
William Smith
NAST/PROTEUS
NASA Langley Research Center
Mail Stop 401
Hampton VA 23681
Telephone: 757-864-5914
Fax: 757-864-8197
E-mail: bill.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov
Toshifumi Fujimoto
Ozone Layer Monitoring Office
Japan Meteorological Agency
1-3-4, Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8122 Japan
Telephone: 81-3-3287-3439
Fax: 81-3-3211-4640
E-mail: fujimoto@met.kishou.go.jp
Lo-Yin Chan
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
Telephone: 852-2766-6071
Fax: 852-2554-6589
E-mail: celychan@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Anne Thompson
SHADOZ
NASA GSFC Code 916
Building 33, Room E417
Greenbelt MD 20771
Telephone: 301-614-5731
Fax: 301-614-5903
E-mail: thompson@gator1.gsfc.nasa.gov
H. K. Lam
Director, Hong Kong Observatory
134A Nathan Road
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Telephone: 2926 8221
Fax: 2721 6557
E-mail: dhko@hko.gcn.gov.hk
Jen-Ping Chen
Department of Atmospheric Sciences
National Taiwan University
No. 61, Ln. 144, Sec. 4, Keelung Road
Taipei, Taiwan 106, R. O. C.
Telephone: 886-2-23633317
Fax: 886-2-2363-3642
E-mail: jpchen@water.as.ntu.edu.tw
Jae Kim
Department of Atmospheric Science
Pusan National University
Korea 609-735
Telephone:
Fax:
E-Mail: jaekim@subunim.com
John Henessy
Head, Meteorological Applications Section
ECMWF
Shinfield Park
Reading, RG2 9AX, England
Telephone: 44-118-949-9400
Fax: 44-118-986-9450
E-mail: j.hennessy@ecmwf.int
Tao Wang
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
Hung Hom
Kowloon
Hong Kong
Telephone: 852-2766-6059
Fax: 852-2334-6389
E-mail: cetwang@polyu.edu.hk
Robert Atlas
NASA GSFC Data Assimilation Office
Code 910.3
Building 33
Greenbelt MD 20771
Telephone: 301-614-6140
Fax: 301-614-6297
E-mail: ratlas@dao.gsfc.nasa.gov
Hsiu-Wu Chang
Central Weather Bureau
64 Kung Yuan Road
Taipei, Taiwan 100, R. O. C.
Telephone: 886-2-23491026
Fax: 886-2-349-1029
E-mail: hsiuwu@cwb.gov.tw
The following persons have more specialized knowledge than the investigators listed in Section 1.d, as indicated, about the data in the data sets.
The following persons have either specialized knowledge in their field or general knowledge about the mission, its execution and the data sets. Where a person is noted as being retired, the contact information given was current during the mission and the person may no longer be available through this location.
OR Contact:
Airborne Science Program OfficeOR Contact:
Wallops Flight Facility Aircraft OfficeMike Cadena
SAIC
One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 300
Hampton VA 23666
Telephone: 757-827-4860
Fax: 757-896-3848
E-mail: m.j.cadena@larc.nasa.gov
Erika Harper
SAIC
One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 300
Hampton VA 23666
Telephone: 757-827-4858
Fax: 757-896-3848
E-mail: e.n.harper@larc.nasa.gov
Potential usage and applications of the described data sets can be seen in the articles that comprise the Journal of Geophysical Research TRACE-P Special Section (Vol.108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003) and the Fall 2002 AGU TRACE-P Special Session(s).
For convenience of the users, the calculated variables below are provided.
Mach Number, M: |
|
 |
M = Mach Number Ps = Static Pressure Qc = Differential Pressure |
Static Air Temperature, Ts: | |
 |
TS = Static Air Temperature (°K) TT = Total Air Temperature (°K) γ = 1.4, ratio of specific heat of air at constant pressure and volume |
True Air Speed, TAS: | |
 |
TAS = True Air Speed (knots) TS = Static Air Temperature (°K) M = Mach Number a = Speed of Sound |
Potential Temperature, θ: | |
 |
θ = Potential Temperature (°K) TS = Static Air Temperature (°K) Ps = Static Pressure (mb) |
Vapor Pressure, e :
ewater (mb) = [1.0007 + (3.46 * 10-6 * PS)] * 6.1121* EXP[17.502 * T/(240.97 + T)]
eice (mb) = [1.0003 + (4.18 * 10-6 * PS)] * 6.1115* EXP[22.452 * T/(272.55 + T)]
e = Partial Pressure of Water Vapor (mb)
PS = Static Pressure (mb)
T = Static Air Temperature (°C) for Saturation Vapor Pressure
or
T = Dew/Frost Point (°C) for Partial Pressure of Water Vapor
ProjDP of zero or greater should be used to derive the partial pressure of water vapor w.r.t water (ewater ) and the ProjDP less than zero should be used to derive the partial pressure of water vapor w.r.t ice (eice).
StatTempDegC and ProjDP parameters recorded in the P-3B data set are substituted to calculate saturation vapor pressure and partial pressure of water vapor, respectively.
TSDEGC and ProjDP parameters recorded in the DC-8 data set are substituted to calculate saturation vapor pressure and partial pressure of water vapor, respectively. Also notice in the DC-8 data set there is a redundant static air temperature measurement, TSCALC, which is calculated by DADS. Although TSDEGC and TSCALC track closely they can diverge by ≈ 1° at the low and high ends of the measurement range.
Specific Humidity, q: | |
 |
 |
Mixing Ratio, r: | |
 |
 |
| Note: ppmv = 1.608 * ppmw ppmw = 0.622 * ppmv | |
Relative Humidity, %: | |
w.r.t. water, |
w.r.t. ice, |
Interested readers should see the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 1003, and documents referenced therein, for plots and the results of analysis of data.
See the GTE Data Format Document at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/guide/gte/gte_fmt.html.
A general description of data granularity as it applies to the IMS appears in the EOSDIS Glossary. Aircraft data sets are available for each individual investigation for each flight through the GTE home page (htt;//www-gte.larc.nasa.gov) and for each flight (all investigation) from the Atmospheric Science Data Center at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/gte/table_gte.html. Surface level data are available on a daily basis from both sites.
All data for the TRACE-P mission is contained in the archive. The only additional data products anticipated relevant to TRACE-P are 210Pb from Robert Talbot (University of New Hampshire) and will be added to the archive when received by the GTE project office.
This data is available online or ona CDROM(s) via the LaRC ASDC at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov. Users may also order data by letter, telephone, and electronic mail from the ASDC.
The Atmospheric Science Data Center at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/ at NASA's Langley Research Center and the GTE data archive at http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/.
Publication of a portion(s) of the data archive should acknowledge the principal investigator(s) responsible for the data by referencing the appropriate manuscript in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003.
Airborne measurements were made predominately over the western Pacific Ocean. A more detailed description of the surface level environmental characteristics for the experiment region is provided in the individual papers for each investigation included in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003. Additional information may be found in other publications authored by the principal investigators or on the GTE homepage at http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov.
TRACE-P geographic coverage for the intensive flights out of Hong Kong and Yokota Air Force, Japan was approximately 110E-160E and 10N to 50N. Additional information can be found in the TRACE-P mission overview paper, Jacob et al., [2003].
Flight missions were conducted during February, March and April 2001. Also shown are the takeoff and landing sites. The duration, altitude ranges, ascent and descent rate and flight path of each mission varied depending on the mission objectives and environmental (weather) conditions. The nominal airspeed ranged from greater than 480 knots (approximately 552 mph) at 13 km altitude for the DC-8 to greater than 130 knots (approximately 152 mph) at 7.7 km altitude.
| Data Set Name | Min Lat | Max Lat | Min Lon | Max Lon |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DC-8 Aircraft:
|
0N | 45N | 105E | 120W |
P3-B Aircraft:
|
0N | 45N | 105E | 75W |
|
gte_tracep_dc8_traj_images_fltXX.zip - Plot of Backward Air mass Trajectories gte_tracep_dc8_traj_tab_fltXX.zip - Tabulated Data of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
0N | 45N | 105E | 120W |
| gte_tracepdc8_cld_index.zip - Cloud Index | 10N | 50N | 110W | 120W |
|
gte_tracep_p3b_traj_images_fltXX.zip - Plot of Backward Air mass Trajectories gte_tracep_p3b_traj_tab_fltXX.zip - Tabulated Data of Backward Air mass Trajectories |
0N | 45N | 105E | 75W |
|
gte_tracep_p3b_sat_images_trkmXX.zip - IR, Visible, and Water Vapor Satellite Images gte_tracep_2001mmdd.zip - Satellite Data Products During TRACE-P Mission Period |
0N | 45N | 105E | 120W |
| gte_tracep_prc_plots_2001mmdd-2001mmdd.zip - Ground Based Observations in PRC | 87.6N | 126.6N | 20.0E | 45.7E |
| gte_tracep_ftir_ground.zip - Ground Based FTIR Measurements of C2H2, C2H6, CO, and HCN | 36.2N | 44.4N | 140.1E | 143.8E |
| Ozonesonde Launch Site | Latitude | Longitude |
|---|---|---|
| Trinidad Head, CA | 40.8N | 124.2W |
| Hilo, Hawaii | 19.4N | 155.0W |
| Cheju, Korea | 33.5N | 126.5E |
| Hong Kong Observatory | 22.3N | 114.2E |
| Kagoshima, Japan | 31.6N | 130.6E |
| Naha, Japan | 26.2N | 127.7E |
| Sapporo, Japan | 43.1N | 141.3E |
| Tateno, Japan | 36.1N | 140.1E |
| Taipei, Taiwan | 25.0N | 121.4E |
Resolution varies for each measurement. See Kleb and Scott, [2003a] and [2003b].
See the next section Grid Description for information about the meteorological trajectories. Ozonesondes were launched from nine ground stations and ozone data are found at ftp://ftp-gte.larc.nasa.gov/pub/TRACEP/OZONESONDES/ or http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/trace/TP_Ozonesondes.htm or from the Langley ASDC at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/gte/table_gte.html and satellite images can be found at ftp://ftp-gte.larc.nasa.gov/pub/TRACEP/IMAGES/ and ftp://ftp-gte.larc.nasa.gov/pub/TRACEP/DC8-AIRCRAFT/FLIGHT_TRACKS/ and from the Langley ASDC at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/gte/table_gte.html
The meteorological trajectories utilized global gridded meteorological analyses prepared by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) [Bengtsson, 1985; Hollingsworth et al., 1986, ECMWF, 1995]. The data were available four times daily (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC) at 60 vertical levels with a T319 spherical harmonic triangular truncation, interpolated to a 1° x 1° latitude-longitude horizontal grid. The five-day backward trajectories were calculated using a kinematic model, i.e., employing u, v, and w wind components from the ECMWF analyses. Additional details about the trajectory model are given in Fuelberg et al. [1996, 1999, 2000]. Limitations of trajectories are described by Fuelberg et al. [2000], Maloney et al. [2001], Stohl [1995], and Stohl et al. [1998].
TRACE-P aircraft missions were conducted from February 24 through April 10, 2001. Temporal coverage for the DC-8 and P-3B data, meteorological trajectories, and the merged data is from February 24 through April 10, 2001. Ground site measurements and satellite image start dates and end dates are listed below. Ozonesondes were launched from nine ground stations and ozonesonde data are found at ftp://ftp-gte.larc.nasa.gov/pub/TRACEP/OZONESONDES/ or http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/trace/TP_Ozonesondes.htm. Visible, infrared, and water-vapor satellite images from GMS-5, GOES-8 and GOES-10 satellites at 4-km resolution were created using McIDAS software for the 2001 TRACE-P field mission. The images can be found at ftp://ftp-gte.larc.nasa.gov/pub/TRACEP/DC8-AIRCRAFT/FLIGHT_TRACKS/.
| Data Set Description | Begin Date | End Date |
|---|---|---|
| GTE TRACEP DC8 Aircraft Results | 2/26/2001 | 4/09/2001 |
| GTE TRACEP P3B Aircraft Results | 2/24/2001 | 4/10/2001 |
| Backward air mass trajectories intersecting the DC-8 flight path | 2/26/2001 | 4/09/2001 |
| Cloud index | 2/26/2001 | 4/03/2001 |
| Data merges for the DC-8 data files | 2/26/2001 | 4/09/2001 |
| Backward air mass trajectories intersecting the P3-B flight path | 2/24/2001 | 4/10/2001 |
| Data merges for the P3-B data files | 2/24/2001 | 4/10/2001 |
| Satellite Data Products | 2/24/2001 | 4/10/2001 |
| Chinese Ground Sites | 2/01/2001 | 4/30/2001 |
| GTE FTIR Ground Observations | 1/15/2001 | 6/15/2001 |
| OZONESONDES | 1/05/2000 | 12/27/2001 |
Not all of the parameters are in each data set granule. Also, the ranges vary between data sets and between granules within each data set. Species measured are given in Kleb and Scott, [2003a], [2003b].
The sources of error vary depending on species and measurement environment and are addressed in Kleb and Scott, [2003a], [2003b], the papers included in the TRACE-P special section of the Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003, and/or papers referenced in that publication and readme files and/or header records associated with each data file.
None reported for the current archive version. See the readme files and header records included with each data set for information provided by the responsible investigator.
The data sets submitted to the ASDC are considered final and no further updates are anticipated. However, modifications will be considered if requested by the investigators or otherwise justified.
Details of data acquisition and materials are addressed in the Fall 2002 AGU TRACE-P Special Session (s) and the papers contained in the Journal of Geophysical Research TRACE-P Special Section (Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003).
Fall 2002 AGU TRACE-P Special Session(s)
TRACE-P Special Section, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. 20 and 21, October 27 and November 16, 2003.
GTE Bibliography (http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/gte_pubs_update.htm)
Bengtsson, L., Medium-range forecasting--The experience of ECMWF, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 66, 1133-1146, 1985.
Hollingsworth, A., D.B. Shaw, P. Lonnberg, L. Illari, K. Arpe, and A.J. Simmons, Monitoring of observations and analysis quality by a data assimilation system, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 861-879, 1986.
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), User guide to ECMWF products 2.1, Meteorol. Bull. M3.2, Reading, England, U.K., 1995.
Fuelberg, H.E., R.O. Loring, Jr., M.V. Watson, M.C. Sinha, K.E. Pickering, A.M. Thompson, G.W. Sachse, D.R. Blake, and M.R. Schoeberl, TRACE-A Trajectory intercomparison 2. Isentropic and kinematic methods, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23927-23939, 1996.
Fuelberg, H.E., R.E. Newell, S.P. Longmore, W. Zhu, D.J. Westberg, E.V. Browell, D.R. Blake, G.L. Gregory, and G.W. Sachse, A meteorological overview of the PEM-Tropics period, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5585-5622, 1999.
Fuelberg, H.E., J.R. Hannan, P.F.J. van Velthoven, E. V. Browell, G. Bieberbach, Jr., R.D. Knabb, G.L. Gregory, K.E. Pickering, and H.B. Selkirk, A meteorological overview of the SONEX period. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3633-3651, 2000.
Jacob, D. J., J. Crawford, M. M. Kleb, V. S. Connors, R. J. Bendura, J. L. Raper, G. W. Sachse, J. Gille, L. Emmons, and J. C. Heald, Transport and chemical evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Design, execution, and first results, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8781, doi:10.1029/2002JD003276, in press, 2003.
Kleb, M. and A. Scott, Compendium of NASA Data Base for the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Volume I: DC-8, NASA/TM-2003-212429/VOL1, July 2003.
Kleb, M. and A. Scott, Compendium of NASA Data Base for the Global Tropospheric Experiment's Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Volume 2: DC-8, NASA/TM-2003-212429/VOL2, July 2003.
Maloney, J.C., H.E. Fuelberg, M.A. Avery, J.H. Crawford, D.R. Blake, B.G. Heikes, G.W. Sachse, S.T. Sandholm, H. Singh, and R.W. Talbot, Chemical characteristics of air from different source regions during the second Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropics (PEM-Tropics B), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32609-32625, 2001.
Stohl, A., G. Wotawa, P. Seibert, and H. Kromp-Kolb, Interpolation errors in wind fields as a function of spatial and temporal resolution and their impact on different types of kinematic trajectories. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2149-2165, 1995.
Stohl, A., Computation, accuracy, and applications of trajectories - A review and bibliography, Atmos. Environ., 32, 947-966, 1998.
